Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to community-acquired pneumonia: A concise review and update

NIV and CAP

Authors

  • Antonello Nicolini Respiratory Diseases Unit, Hospital of Sestri Levante, Italy
  • Catia Cilloniz Department of Pneumology, Institute Clinic del Tórax, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  • Ines Maria Grazia Piroddi Respiratory Diseases Unit, Hospital of Sestri Levante, Italy
  • Paola Faverio Department of Health Science, University of Milan Bicocca, Clinica Pneumologica, AO San Gerardo, Monza, Italy

Keywords:

Community-acquired pneumonia, noninvasive ventilation, severe respiratory failure

Abstract

Strong evidence supports the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in acute respiratory failure (ARF) to prevent endotracheal intubation (ETI) in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and immunocompromised patients. However, weaker evidence supports NIV used in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ARF due to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in immunocompetent patients owing to high rates of treatment failure. In all patients, NIV should be applied under close monitoring for signs of treatment failure and, in such case, ETI should be promptly available. A trained team, at an appropriate location, with careful patient selection and optimal choice of devices can optimize NIV outcome. In this short review we examine past and more recent literature regarding the use of NIV in ARF due to CAP, discussing the application of both continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and pressure support ventilation (PSV).

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2015-06-25

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Nicolini A, Cilloniz C, Piroddi IMG, Faverio P. Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to community-acquired pneumonia: A concise review and update: NIV and CAP. Community Acquir Infect. 2015;2. Accessed May 25, 2025. https://www.hksmp.com/journals/cai/article/view/235

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Vol. 2 (2015)

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Review Articles

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