An epidemiological study of health-care-associated infections and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in the Al-Qassim region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Health care associated infection (HAIs)
Keywords:
Contributing areas, health-care-associated infection, hospital, Intensive Care Unit, microorganism, sensitivity pattern, site of infectionAbstract
Background: In the USA, up to 2 million health-care-associated infections (HAIs) per year are reported, of which 80,000 are lethal. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based observational (retrospective) study. Results: Hospital-wide rate of HAI ranges from 0.35 to 1.96 per thousand patients per day. The most common organism observed in the last 5 years is Acenatobacter (88 [27%]) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (73 [22%]). Significant cases in these 5 years were reported from Intensive Care Unit (157 [48%]) followed by medical wards (males and females) (106 [32%]). The common site reported in the present study is catheter-associated urinary tract infection which was significantly higher (CA-UTI) (152 [46%]) followed by ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (66 [20%]). The common organisms reported to cause UTI are P. aeruginosa (22%) followed by Escherichia coli (19%), and the most common microbial agent associated with VAP is Acenatobacter baumannii (48 [72%]) which was found to be significantly higher. The antibiogram of microorganism responsible for HAI was observed, and 56% isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were sensitive to aztreonam followed by imipenem 54%, ceftazidime 47%, and amikacin 36%. Another common organism reported was P. aeruginosa, and the majority of isolates of this were sensitive to imipenem 79% followed by amikacin 68%, ceftazidime 53%, aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin 49% and least sensitive to meropenem 9%. Most of the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains during the same period were found to be sensitive to imipenem 94% followed by piperacillin/tazobactam 71%, amikacin 69%, cefepime 59%, and ceftriaxone 56% and least sensitive to nitrofurantoin 11% only. Conclusion: HAI is a big threat for patients' safety and prolongs patients' stay and cost of health care, so effective utilization of hospital data is crucial for prevention and control.
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